Influence of compression therapy following varicose vein surgery: a prospective randomized study / Influência da terapia compressiva no pós-operatório de flebectomia: um estudo prospectivo e randomizado

Abstract Background The use of compression dressings after phlebectomy is based solely on clinical experience due to the lack of a unified set of definitive recommendations, which makes clinical practice extremely heterogeneous. Objectives To evaluate compression therapy with elastic stockings for 7 days after phlebectomy. Methods We randomly allocated 104 lower limbs with disease classified as C1 and C2 to 1 of 2 groups: an intervention group (64 limbs) - wearing elastic compression stockings for the first 7 days after phlebectomy; or a control group (40 limbs) - given conventional bandaging for 24 hours postoperatively. We compared clinical response by analyzing the evolution of symptoms, hematoma formation, and preoperative vs. postoperative limb volume. Results Pain (median 1.0 vs. 1.5, p=0.0320) and limb volume (mean 43.7 vs. 99.8, p=0.0071) were significantly improved in patients wearing elastic compression stockings for 7 days after phlebectomy compared with controls. Conclusions Use of elastic compression therapy for 7 days after phlebectomy was effective for improving pain and lower limb volume.

Resumo Contexto O uso de curativos após flebectomia é baseado apenas na experiência clínica, visto que não existe um conjunto unificado de recomendações definitivas, o que torna a prática clínica extremamente variável. Objetivos Avaliar o uso de terapia elástica compressiva por 7 dias após flebectomia. Métodos Cento e quatro membros inferiores, classificados como CEAP C1 e C2, foram randomizados em dois grupos: grupo de intervenção (64 membros) - uso de meia elástica por 24 horas após a cirurgia - e grupo controle (40 membros) - uso de curativo convencional por 7 dias após a cirurgia. A resposta clínica foi comparada por meio de análise da evolução dos sintomas, de hematoma e do volume dos membros antes e depois da cirurgia. Resultados Os pacientes submetidos a terapia compressiva elástica apresentaram melhora significativa na dor (mediana 1,0 vs. 1,5; p=0,0320) e no volume dos membros (média 43,7 vs. 99,8; p=0,0071) em comparação ao grupo controle. Conclusões O emprego da terapia compressiva elástica por 7 dias após flebectomia mostrou-se efetivo na melhora da dor e do volume dos membros inferiores.

Brazilian guidelines on chronic venous disease of the Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery / Diretriz brasileira de doença venosa crônica da Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e de Cirurgia Vascular

Abstract The Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery has set up a committee to provide new evidence-based recommendations for patient care associated with chronic venous insufficiency. Topics were divided in five groups: 1. Classification, 2. Diagnosis, 3. Conservative or non-invasive treatment, 4. Invasive treatment and 5. Treatment of small vessels. This last series is closely related to the activities of Brazilian angiologists and vascular surgeons, who are heavily involved in the treatment of small superficial veins. These guidelines are intended to assist in clinical decision-making for attending physicians and health managers. The decision to follow a guideline recommendation should be made by the responsible physician on a case-by-case basis taking into account the patient's specific condition, as well as local resources, regulations, laws, and clinical practice recommendations.

Resumo A Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e de Cirurgia Vascular organizou uma comissão para fornecer novas recomendações baseadas em evidências sobre questões críticas de atendimento ao paciente com insuficiência venosa crônica. São abordados aqui os temas de classificação, diagnóstico, tratamento conservador, tratamento invasivo e tratamento de pequenos vasos. Esta última série está muito relacionada à atividade de angiologistas e cirurgiões vasculares, que possuem forte atuação no tratamento de pequenas veias superficiais. Estas diretrizes destinam-se a auxiliar na tomada de decisões clínicas de médicos assistentes e gestores de saúde. A decisão de seguir uma recomendação de diretriz deve ser feita pelo médico responsável caso a caso, levando em consideração a condição específica do paciente, bem como recursos locais, regulamentos, leis e recomendações de prática clínica.

Patterns of flow drainage from varicose veins originating in the incompetent great saphenous vein / Padrões de drenagem do fluxo das varizes oriundas da veia safena magna incompetente

Abstract Background Chronic venous insufficiency affects the lives of many people and therefore constitutes a public health problem. Knowledge of the drainage patterns of reflux from varicose veins secondary to incompetent saphenous veins is essential to define the best therapeutic management. Objectives To determine the reflux drainage patterns from varicose veins originating in incompetent GSV, the prevalence of perforating veins (PV), and their relationships with symptoms. Methods 55 ultrasound reports were analyzed to determine the drainage patterns of reflux from the GSV, location and diameter of PV drainage, and staging of symptoms. Results In 64% of the sample, reflux from varicose veins drained to PVs, in 4% reflux drained to the GSV itself, in another 4% drainage was to the small saphenous vein, and in 29% drainage was to varicose trunk veins in which no direct communication with the deep system could be identified. No associations were observed between symptoms and reflux drainage patterns or PV diameters. Conclusions For this sample, PVs were responsible for draining flow from varicose veins in 64% of cases. Neither PV diameters nor GSV reflux patterns were associated with severity of symptoms.

Resumo Introdução A insuficiência venosa crônica impacta a vida de muitas pessoas, constituindo-se, assim, como um problema de saúde pública. Conhecer o padrão de drenagem do refluxo das varizes associadas à veia safena incompetente é fundamental para definir a melhor programação terapêutica. Objetivos Determinar os padrões de drenagem do refluxo de varizes originadas da veia safena magna incompetente, a prevalência de veias perfurantes e a relação com os sintomas. Métodos Foram analisados 55 registros ultrassonográficos de pacientes com refluxo da veia safena magna para determinar padrões de drenagem do refluxo dessa veia, pontos de refluxo das varizes, localização e diâmetro das perfurantes de drenagem e graduação dos sintomas. Resultados O principal padrão de refluxo encontrado foi originado da junção safenofemoral com comprometimento proximal da veia safena magna. Em 64% dos pacientes, o refluxo das varizes drenou para veias perfurantes - 4% drenavam para a própria veia safena magna; em outros 4%, a drenagem era para a veia safena parva; e, em 29%, a drenavam destinava-se para varizes tronculares em que não se identificou comunicação direta com o sistema venoso profundo. Não foi observada associação dos sintomas com os padrões de drenagem do refluxo ou diâmetro das perfurantes. Conclusão Para essa amostra, as veias perfurantes foram responsáveis pelo escoamento do fluxo oriundo das varizes em 64% dos casos. O diâmetro das veias perfurantes e o padrão de refluxo da veia safena não estiveram associados à gravidade dos sintomas.

Improvement of semen parameters after coil embolization of varicoceles: a systematic review / Melhora dos parâmetros seminais após embolização com molas de varicocele: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, including clinical studies in which one of the outcomes was semen parameter improvement after varicocele embolization using coils only. The objective of the review was to assess the evidence on the role of embolization using coils alone for semen parameter improvement in men with varicocele, since embolization using coils is the most cost-effective method of varicocele repair. Study quality was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). Out of six retrospective and two prospective observational or comparative clinical studies involving 701 patients, semen concentration improved significantly in all five studies that assessed this parameter. Mean semen motility improved significantly in seven studies. The impact of embolization on semen density could not be analyzed.

Resumo Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática conduzida de acordo com o PRISMA 2009 (Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Metanálises) que incluiu estudos em que a melhora dos parâmetros seminais tenha sido um dos desfechos. Esta revisão foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar as evidências sobre o papel da embolização com uso apenas de molas na melhora de parâmetros seminais em homens com varicocele, uma vez que a embolização apenas com molas é o método com melhor custo-benefício para o reparo de varicoceles. A qualidade dos estudos foi analisada com o índice MINORS. Em seis estudos clínicos retrospectivos e em outros dois prospectivos observacionais ou comparativos, a concentração seminal melhorou significativamente em todos os cinco estudos que avaliaram esse parâmetro. A motilidade seminal melhorou significativamente em sete estudos. Não foi possível analisar o impacto da embolização com molas na densidade seminal.

Endovascular treatment of anterior nutcracker syndrome and pelvic varices in a patient with an anterior and a posterior renal vein.

There are few data on endovascular treatment of anterior nutcracker syndrome and pelvic varices in patients with anterior and posterior renal veins. Our objective is to report a case, identify occurrences and compare diagnosis and treatments. A 42-year-old woman presented with flank and pelvic pain and hematuria. She had anterior nutcracker syndrome and pelvic varices with an anterior and a posterior renal vein. A successful complete endovascular approach was done with stent implantation in the anterior renal vein and left gonadal vein embolisation. After 12-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic with good results on CT. Only two case reports of patients with nutcracker syndrome with anterior and posterior renal veins were identified. In both, a self-expanding stent was implanted in the anterior renal vein. In conclusion, endovascular treatment represents a safe and successful option in patients with nutcracker syndrome and pelvic varices with an anterior and a posterior renal vein.

Impact of Cooling on Lowering the Pain Threshold in Patients Undergoing Sclerotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Liquid sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice for telangiectasias. However, pain caused by the procedure is a barrier to treatment adherence by patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of skin cooling for the management of pain in patients undergoing liquid sclerotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 230 lower limbs from 115 patients with telangiectasias classified as C1 according to the Clinical-Etiological-Anatomical-Pathophysiological classification were included. Patients underwent liquid sclerotherapy with and without skin cooling during the procedure. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale, applied immediately after the procedure, according to each lower limb area treated. RESULTS: Visual analog scale pain scores were significantly lower for sclerotherapy with the use of cooling for pain management during the procedure than for sclerotherapy without cooling both in the thigh and leg (p < .0001). CONCLUSION: The use of a cooling system is effective in reducing pain in patients undergoing liquid sclerotherapy of telangiectasias, providing more comfort to patients.

Saphenous reflux patterns in C2 patients: A record of 1196 ultrasound reports.

OBJECTIVES: To describe saphenous reflux patterns in patients classified as CEAP C2 by analysis of 2027 vascular ultrasound examination reports. METHODS: A total of 2027 venous mapping studies were reviewed and 1196 patients classified as CEAP C2 were selected. Patients were classified according to patterns of reflux for the great saphenous vein and for the small saphenous vein, and rates of great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein reflux were analyzed for both sexes. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of saphenous vein reflux was 45%. Males had significantly higher great saphenous vein reflux prevalence than females (p < 0.001). The most common great saphenous vein reflux pattern in females was segmental reflux and the most common pattern in males was proximal reflux. CONCLUSIONS: Saphenous vein reflux is common in C2 patients and is more frequent in males. Standardization of classifications of reflux patterns is very important for correct management of the disease.

Tratamento de linfocele mediante ecoescleroterapia com polidocanol: relato de casos e revisão / Polidocanol echosclerotherapy treatment for lymphocele: case report and review

Resumo A formação de linfocele, resultante da transecção dos canais linfáticos durante procedimentos cirúrgicos ou traumas, é relativamente comum, sendo relatada em aproximadamente 30% dos pós-operatórios de ressecção de linfonodos. Ela pode evoluir assintomática ou pode apresentar complicações, como dor, infecção secundária, compressão de vasos sanguíneos, a qual evolui para estase, trombose e edema. Seu tratamento ainda é de difícil consenso. Este artigo propõe descrever três casos em que o tratamento foi realizado a partir de ecoescleroterapia com polidocanol. Sua relevância está na escassez de relatos na literatura.

Abstract Formation of lymphocele secondary to transection of lymphatic channels during surgical procedures or traumas is relatively common and is reported in the postoperative period of approximately 30% of lymph node resection procedures. The condition may be asymptomatic or can present with complications such as pain, secondary infection, and compression of blood vessels, which can cause stasis, thrombosis, and edema. There is no consensus on treatment. This article describes three cases in which treatment was provided using polidocanol echosclerotherapy. Its relevance lies in the scarcity of reports in the literature.

Prospective randomized trial comparing radiofrequency ablation and complete saphenous vein stripping in patients with mild to moderate chronic venous disease with a 3-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of the radiofrequency thermoablation of the saphenous vein with the ligation technique, and complete removal of the saphenous vein, from the saphenofemoral junction to the ankle. METHODS: A total of 49 patients with chronic venous disease in the Comprehensive Classification System for Chronic Venous Disorders (CEAP) classes 2 to 4 for clinical signs, etiology, anatomic distribution and pathophysiology, were assessed at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 1 year. The parameters assessed were complications, period of absence from activities, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and quality of life scores according to Aberdeen Varicose Veins Questionnaire (AVVQ). They were re-examined 1 and 3 years after treatment to evaluate recurrence rates. RESULTS: The success rate per limb (p=0.540), VCSS (p=0.636), AVVQ (p=0.163), and clinical complications were similar in the two treatment groups. Nevertheless, the radiofrequency thermoablation group had significant shorter length of hospital stay (0.69±0.47) and absence from activities (8.62±4.53), p<000.1. CONCLUSION: Patients submitted to radiofrequency thermoablation had an occlusion rate, clinical recurrence and improvement in quality of life comparable to removal of the saphenous vein. However, these patients spent less time hospitalized and away from their daily activities during recovering.

Prospective randomized trial comparing radiofrequency ablation and complete saphenous vein stripping in patients with mild to moderate chronic venous disease with a 3-year follow-up / Ensaio clínico randomizado prospectivo comparando a ablação por radiofrequência e a retirada completa de veia safena em pacientes com doença venosa crônica leve à moderada com seguimento de 3 anos

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the use of the radiofrequency thermoablation of the saphenous vein with the ligation technique, and complete removal of the saphenous vein, from the saphenofemoral junction to the ankle. Methods: A total of 49 patients with chronic venous disease in the Comprehensive Classification System for Chronic Venous Disorders (CEAP) classes 2 to 4 for clinical signs, etiology, anatomic distribution and pathophysiology, were assessed at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 1 year. The parameters assessed were complications, period of absence from activities, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and quality of life scores according to Aberdeen Varicose Veins Questionnaire (AVVQ). They were re-examined 1 and 3 years after treatment to evaluate recurrence rates. Results: The success rate per limb (p=0.540), VCSS (p=0.636), AVVQ (p=0.163), and clinical complications were similar in the two treatment groups. Nevertheless, the radiofrequency thermoablation group had significant shorter length of hospital stay (0.69±0.47) and absence from activities (8.62±4.53), p<000.1. Conclusion: Patients submitted to radiofrequency thermoablation had an occlusion rate, clinical recurrence and improvement in quality of life comparable to removal of the saphenous vein. However, these patients spent less time hospitalized and away from their daily activities during recovering.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o uso da termoablação por radiofrequência da veia safena com a técnica de ligação e retirada completa da veia safena da junção safeno-femoral ao tornozelo. Métodos: Foram avaliados 49 pacientes com doença venosa crônica nas categorias 2 a 4 (Comprehensive Classification System for Chronic Venous Disorders − CEAP) para classificação clínica, etiológica, anatômica e fisiopatológica, no início do estudo, 4 semanas e 1 ano após o procedimento. Os parâmetros analisados foram complicações, período de ausência de atividades,(Venous Clinical Severity) Score revisado (R-VCSS) e escore de qualidade de vida de acordo com o Aberdeen Varicose Veins Questionnaire(AVVQ). Os pacientes foram reexaminados 1 e 3 anos após o tratamento, para avaliar as taxas de recorrência. Resultados: As taxas de sucesso por membro (p=0,540), VCSS (p=0,636), AVVQ (p=0,163) e complicações clínicas foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. No entanto, o grupo termoablação por radiofrequência teve períodos de internação significativamente mais curtos (0,69±0,47) e ausência de atividades (8,62±4,53), com p<000,1. Conclusão: Pacientes submetidos à termoablação por radiofrequência apresentaram taxa de oclusão, recidiva clínica e melhora da qualidade de vida comparáveis à retirada completa da veia safena. No entanto, esses pacientes passaram menos tempo internados e ausentes de suas atividades diárias durante a recuperação.

Foam sclerotherapy for lower-limb varicose veins: impact on saphenous vein diameter.

OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in the great saphenous vein (GSV) after foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of 33 patients who were treated with polidocanol foam sclerotherapy after having had varicose veins with a clinical severity-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology classification of C4-C6 for three months. The patients were evaluated by ultrasound before, during, and after the procedure (on post-procedure days 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90). The GSV diameter, the rate of venous occlusion, and the rate of reflux elimination were determined. Two patients were excluded for having a history of deep vein thrombosis history, and one was excluded for having bronchial asthma. RESULTS: Thirty patients (26 females and 4 males, with mean age of 62 years) completed the protocol. The mean pre-procedure GSV diameter was 6.0 ± 0.32 mm (range, 3.6-11.2 mm). During the sclerotherapy, the mean GSV diameter was reduced to 1.9 ± 0.15 mm (range, 0.6-3.8 mm). On post-procedure day 7, the mean GSV diameter increased to 6.3 ± 0.28 mm (range, 3.9-9.7 mm). On post-procedure day 90, the mean GSV diameter was 4.0 ± 0.22 mm (range, 1.9-8.2 mm). The rate of GSV reflux was significantly lower in the assessment performed on post-procedure day 90 than in the pre-procedure assessment (p < 0.0028). CONCLUSION: On the basis of our ultrasound analysis, we can conclude that foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins results in a significant reduction in GSV diameter, as well as in the elimination of GSV reflux.

Foam sclerotherapy for lower-limb varicose veins: impact on saphenous vein diameter / Impacto da escleroterapia com espuma no diâmetro da veia safena magna para tratamento de varizes de membros inferiores

Abstract Objective: To assess changes in the great saphenous vein (GSV) after foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of 33 patients who were treated with polidocanol foam sclerotherapy after having had varicose veins with a clinical severity-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology classification of C4-C6 for three months. The patients were evaluated by ultrasound before, during, and after the procedure (on post-procedure days 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90). The GSV diameter, the rate of venous occlusion, and the rate of reflux elimination were determined. Two patients were excluded for having a history of deep vein thrombosis history, and one was excluded for having bronchial asthma. Results: Thirty patients (26 females and 4 males, with mean age of 62 years) completed the protocol. The mean pre-procedure GSV diameter was 6.0 ± 0.32 mm (range, 3.6-11.2 mm). During the sclerotherapy, the mean GSV diameter was reduced to 1.9 ± 0.15 mm (range, 0.6-3.8 mm). On post-procedure day 7, the mean GSV diameter increased to 6.3 ± 0.28 mm (range, 3.9-9.7 mm). On post-procedure day 90, the mean GSV diameter was 4.0 ± 0.22 mm (range, 1.9-8.2 mm). The rate of GSV reflux was significantly lower in the assessment performed on post-procedure day 90 than in the pre-procedure assessment (p < 0.0028). Conclusion: On the basis of our ultrasound analysis, we can conclude that foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins results in a significant reduction in GSV diameter, as well as in the elimination of GSV reflux.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar alterações ultrassonográficas na veia safena magna (VSM) após escleroterapia com espuma para varizes. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo prospectivo de 33 pacientes com varizes classificadas como C4-C6 (classificação clinical severity- etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology), durante três meses, submetidos a escleroterapia com espuma de polidocanol. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por ultrassonografia vascular antes, durante e 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o procedimento. Avaliaram-se o diâmetro da VSM, a taxa de oclusão venosa e a taxa de abolição do refluxo. Dois indivíduos foram excluídos do estudo por apresentarem história prévia de trombose venosa profunda e um paciente não participou do estudo por asma brônquica. Resultados: Dos 30 pacientes que completaram o protocolo, 26 eram do sexo feminino e 4 eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 62 anos. O diâmetro da VSM médio pré-operatório foi 6,0 ± 0,32 mm (variação: 3,6-11,2 mm). Na escleroterapia, houve redução do diâmetro médio para 1,9 ± 0,15 mm (variação: 0,6-3,8 mm). Em 7 dias, houve aumento médio do diâmetro da VSM para 6,3 ± 0,28 mm (variação: 3,9-9,7 mm). Em 90 dias, o diâmetro da VSM médio reduziu para 4,0 ± 0,22 mm (variação: 1,9-8,2 mm). O refluxo venoso apresentou redução estatisticamente significante entre o pré-operatório e pós-operatório após 90 dias (p < 0,0028). Conclusão: Com base em nossa análise ultrassonográfica, podemos concluir que a escleroterapia com espuma para varizes resulta em uma redução significativa do diâmetro da VSM, bem como abolição do refluxo da VSM.

Endovascular treatment of pseudoaneurysms secondary to chronic pancreatitis: reports of two cases / Tratamento endovascular de pseudoaneurisma decorrente de pancreatite crônica: relato de dois casos

Abstract Pseudoaneurysm secondary to chronic pancreatitis is a rare complication, but one with a high mortality rate. It is etiologically associated with chronic pancreatitis, and most diagnoses are made after rupture, which manifests with clinical signs of acute hemorrhage. Computed tomography plays an important role in diagnosis, but digital subtraction angiography remains the gold-standard method for diagnostic confirmation and for treatment planning. This article describes two cases of pseudoaneurysm in patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis; one involving the splenic artery and the other the gastroduodenal artery, complicated by thoracic and abdominal bleeding respectively. Both were successfully treated, using minimally invasive endovascular methods to implant coils and stent-grafts.

Resumo O pseudoaneurisma decorrente de pancreatite crônica consiste em complicação rara, porém com alta taxa de mortalidade. Está etiologicamente associado à pancreatite crônica, e seu diagnóstico é feito mais comumente após ruptura, manifestando-se através de sinais clínicos de hemorragia aguda. A tomografia computadorizada desempenha papel importante no diagnóstico; contudo, a angiografia por subtração digital mantém-se como método padrão-ouro para confirmação diagnóstica e direcionamento do tratamento. O presente artigo relata dois casos de pseudoaneurisma em pacientes com pancreatite crônica alcoólica, sendo um da artéria esplênica e outro da artéria gastroduodenal, complicados com sangramento torácico e abdominal respectivamente. Ambos foram submetidos a tratamento endovascular minimamente invasivo com sucesso, através de implante de molas e de stent-grafts.

Duplex scan and histologic assessment of acute renal injury in a kidney-kidney crosstalk swine experimental model.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the effect of two left renal vasculature occlusion strategies on the duplex ultrasound-assessed rheology and histology of the contralateral kidney. METHODS: Pigs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: left renal artery-only clamping (A group, n = 8) or left renal artery and vein clamping (AV group, n = 9). Bilateral renal parenchymal biopsy specimens were taken every 10 minutes for 90 minutes. Duplex ultrasound resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured. Mixed models with normal distribution and first-order autoregressive correlation structure and generalized estimating equation models were used. Results are presented as adjusted means with standard errors, estimated proportions with standard errors, and line plots with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: RI and PI increased in the nonischemic kidney. In A group animals, RI values increased significantly (P < .01) after 30 minutes of ischemia and PI increased significantly (P < .04) from 30 to 60 minutes of ischemia. The number of histologic abnormalities was higher in A group than in AV group biopsy specimens. The percentage of lesions increased significantly after 10 minutes in A group nonischemic kidneys (P < .02) and between 50 and 80 minutes in AV group nonischemic kidneys (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Nonischemic kidneys were acutely affected by contralateral ischemia. Their function was more adversely affected by unilateral renal artery occlusion with preserved renal vein patency (A group).

Fístula arteriovenosa após escleroterapia com espuma guiada por ultrassom: relato de caso / Arteriovenous fistula after ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy: case report

A escleroterapia com espuma guiada por ultrassom tem ganhado espaço no tratamento da insuficiência venosa crônica secundária a varizes dos membros inferiores. Trata-se de procedimento ambulatorial, de baixo custo e sem necessidade de afastamento das atividades habituais. Apresenta bons resultados clínicos, especialmente nos estágios mais avançados da doença. Quando bem aplicada, apresenta baixas taxas de complicações maiores. Porém, a técnica apresenta altas taxas de recanalização no médio e longo prazo, e seu mecanismo ainda não é totalmente compreendido. O presente artigo descreve um caso de fístula arteriovenosa em segmento de recanalização de veia safena magna, após escleroterapia com espuma guiada por ultrassom, e identificada por exame ultrassonográfico de vigilância pós-procedimento.

Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy has become widespread in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency secondary to varicose veins. It is a low-cost, outpatient procedure that does not require medical leave. It has demonstrated good clinical results, especially in the more advanced stages of the disease. When employed correctly, it results in low rates of major complications. However, the technique exhibits high recanalization rates over mid and long-term follow up. Additionally, the recanalization mechanism has not yet been explained. This article describes an arteriovenous fistula in a recanalized segment of great saphenous vein previously treated with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy that was detected during post-procedure follow-up with ultrasound.

Evaluation of quality of life and photoplethysmography in patients with chronic venous insufficiency treated with foam sclerotherapy

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy plays a major role in treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, providing clinical and hemodynamic improvement to patients undergoing treatment.OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships between venous refilling time and impact of venous disease on quality of life and between changes in venous refilling time and improvement of symptoms after ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency. METHODS: Thirty-two patients classified as C4, C5 or C6 answered a questionnaire on quality of life and symptoms and their venous filling time was measured using photoplethysmography before and 45 days after treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy.RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements were observed in quality of life scores and in venous filling time and in the following symptoms: aching, heavy legs, restless legs, swelling, burning sensations, and throbbing (p<0.0001). A similar improvement was also seen in the work and social domains of quality of life (p<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: As confirmed by questionnaire scores and venous refilling times, ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy demonstrated efficacy and resulted in high satisfaction levels and low rates of major complications.

CONTEXTO: A escleroterapia com espuma guiada por ultrassom (EGUS) ocupa lugar de destaque no tratamento da insuficiência venosa crônica (IVC), proporcionando melhora clínica e hemodinâmica aos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento.OBJETIVOS: Verificar a correlação entre dados obtidos por questionário de qualidade de vida e de sintomas com dados obtidos por fotopletismografia (FPG), antes e depois do tratamento por escleroterapia com espuma guiada por ultrassom (EGUS) da insuficiência venosa crônica (IVC). MÉTODOS: Um grupo de 32 pacientes, classificados como C4, C5 e C6, foi submetido à aplicação de questionário de qualidade de vida e sintomas, sendo aferido o tempo de enchimento venoso (TEV) por FPG antes e 45 dias depois do tratamento da IVC através de EGUS. O teste do sinal foi utilizado para análise estatística da melhora dos escores dos questionários e do TEV. O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para avaliação da melhora nos sintomas e do impacto do tratamento nas atividades laborais e sociais dos pacientes.RESULTADOS: Houve melhora nos escores dos questionários de qualidade de vida e no TEV, com significância estatística (p<0,0001). Houve melhora estatisticamente significativa nos sintomas: dor, cansaço, edema, queimação, pernas inquietas e latejamento (p<0,0001). Incremento na qualidade laboral e social após o tratamento apresentou melhora estatisticamente significativa (p<0,0001). Não ocorreram complicações maiores ou efeitos adversos nesta série.CONCLUSÕES: A EGUS mostrou-se eficaz, com alto índice de satisfação e baixas taxas de complicacões maiores, ratificada pelos escores dos questionários e pelos TEVs aferidos pela FPG.

Tumor sólido cístico do pâncreas (tumor de Frantz): relato de caso / Solid and cystic neoplasm of the pancreas (Frantz tumor): a case report

Os tumores papilíferos sólidos císticos do pâncreas são pouco frequentes. Acometem geralmente mulheres jovens e têm bom prognóstico, visto que raramente recidivam ou levam à metástases...